A Reader's Place

Livesey’s latest novel, just published, opens when three teenage siblings–Matthew, Zoe, and Duncan Lang–see an injured boy in a field and call for help. A simple beginning. But for these three close-knit teens, who have lived a relatively uneventful suburban life, the event is a marker that rocks their sense of right and wrong and sends them off in different directions.

When the police are unable to find the man who beat Karel and left him in the field, Matthew Lang, the eldest, searches for the culprit on his own; he needs the certainty of answers. He allies himself with Karel’s older brother, Tomas, a dodgy character. For Zoe, the middle sibling, 16 years old, the incident is a turning point. It brings her into contact with inexplicable evil, the world expands and deepens, and she makes some sexual choices, for better or for worse.

It’s different for Duncan, the youngest, at 14. Duncan is adopted–his mother was a young Turkish woman–and Duncan looks different from the rest of the family. There’s no doubt that he’s well-loved, but he’s an outsider. It’s not just his looks, but his talent as an artist and an empath that sets him apart from everyone else. Duncan is preternaturally sensitive; his heightened awareness of color and form extends to emotions. He’s often able to read situations that escape the others. In the aftermath of the incident, he begins to dream of his biological mother, his “first mother.” He adopts a dog, Lily, who senses moods and emanates answers to unspoken questions.

Each of the children makes contact with Karel; they have unanswered questions that they hope the enigmatic boy in the field can answer. Karel becomes a touchstone for their changing feelings but he can’t give them any help.

I hope I haven’t given away too much. There’s not much more plot; it’s a coming of age story for the three Lang siblings so it’s all about character. The novel reminded me of Aimee Bender’s The Particular Sadness of Lemon Cake and Penelope Lively’s How it All Began, both books that cast a spell over the reader. They’re all hard to forget.

This unusual memoir takes place on three levels, each one enriching the others. The first concerns the class on The Odyssey that Mendelsohn teaches at Bard College. Second is Mendelsohn’s fraught but loving relationship with his often cantankerous elderly father. The third is the cruise they both take tracing the voyage of Odysseus. And, really, there’s a fourth overarching level, which is Mendelsohn’s love of the classics and the life it has given him. You don’t have to re-read The Odyssey to enjoy this memoir; Mendelsohn provides what you need to know along the way. But beware, you may want to turn to The Odyssey after the last page.

The memoir starts off with the elder Mendelsohn’s request to sit in on his son’s Odyssey seminar at Bard. It’s a long trip each week by car or train but he doesn’t miss a class. He promises to remain an observer, but soon interjects his own comments and questions, which reflect his life experience. A classics student might scoff at some of his ideas, for example that Odysseus wasn’t a hero because he betrayed his wife on his long journey home,  but doesn’t a great story invite us to reflect on our own lives and values? The students–sophomores not scholars–often find Daddy’s opinions chime with their own and some great discussions ensue. We also get a glimpse into the way that Mendelsohn fils teaches, how he encourages his students to understand the traditional critical interpretations of the story but allows them to bring their own sensibilities to it.

Mendelsohn’s relationship to his father is the second level There’s family history here, not always comforting for the son, who often felt intimidated by his father while growing up. I was impressed by his forbearance when his father was cranky and his pleasure when his father was charming. The Odyssey, of course, is all about fathers and sons. The first four books are about Telemachus, Odysseus’s son, who goes in search of his father. It’s an educational trip, so to speak, as is the time Daniel Mendelsohn spends with his father in this memoir. Lots of lessons to be learned, and epiphanies to be experienced.

The cruise around the Aegean sea is the next level, tracing Odysseus’ voyage as closely as possible. It starts at Troy, now identified as modern-day Canakkale in Turkey. Daddy finds the site unimpressive, no tower and fortifications remain to give it grandeur. But the cruise is a success, the sites interesting and lovely.

The fourth level is how Mendelsohn’s love of the classics holds the story together and holds the reader enthralled. He writes about the pleasures of handling the texts he used in college.  (I took courses in college in Greek and Roman history, literature, and art and I’m always a little jealous of anyone who continued on that academic path. I also refuse to part with those college texts.) Mendelsohn’s use of Homer’s tropes and symbols in the memoir are delightful if you know the poem. The structure, too, recalls the epic. These are lightly worn aspects of the memoir and it can be appreciated in many ways, whether you remember much from The Odyssey or not.

N.B. There are many editions and translations of The Odyssey. Years ago I read the older Robert Fagles translation. You might want to try the recent translation by Emily Wilson.

We’ve passed through the centennial years for World War I but I keep re-reading novels and memoirs about that time period. Many years ago I read the classic work by Paul Fussell The Great War and Modern Memory, about how the war was interpreted through literature. It’s one of the themes I keep returning to in my reading. Here are some of my favorites.

Pat Barker is unsurpassed at recreating the wartime experience in fiction. In her Regeneration trilogy (Regeneration, The Eye in the Door, and The Ghost Road), she writes about the psychological wounds suffered by returning soldiers, first known as shell-shock. They were frightened and embarrassed by their sometimes bizarre symptoms, and felt guilty about leaving the battlefield. Others wondered if insanity was the only sane response to such a brutal war. Their psychiatrists struggled to find ways to treat this hitherto unrecognized form of mental trauma, trying a range of treatments. Barker uses historical characters such as poet Siegfried Sassoon and psychiatrist W. H. R. Rivers to illustrate the anguish of the men and their physicians who suffered through this period. Her fictional characters, such as the tormented soldier Billy Prior, are complex and hard to forget. There are no easy answers here; Barker catalogs the grim and relentless progress of the war and its effect on the participants. Her writing is extraordinary. Ghost Road, the third in the series, received the Booker Prize in 1995.

Barker also wrote about young artists caught up in the war’s beginning, worried about the changes the war will bring to their lives and careers. In her novel Life Class, art students from London’s prestigious Slade Art School live in the shadow of the impending war. Working-class Paul Tarrant is caught up in love affairs and uncertain that he has real talent; Elinor Brooke wants no part of the war and champions art as an antidote; Kit Neville is determined to use his war experiences to further his artistic career. Historical figures, such as Augustus John and Lady Ottoline Morrell, add color and depth to the setting. When Tarrant volunteers for the Belgian Red Cross, ferrying the wounded off the battlefield at Ypres, Barker takes us into the maelstrom and into the heart of an artist encountering tragedy. Life Class is the first book of a trilogy that follows these artists as the war affects and refines their life and art.

Memoirs and novels of the war capture the experience of participants and those who stayed behind. Vera Brittain’s autobiography, Testament of Youth, long a classic in England, is a riveting account of one young woman’s war experience, what she calls “the smashing up of my own youth by the War.” In 1914, at the end of her first year at Oxford, she was engaged to a soldier.  Compelled to assist the war effort, she volunteered as a nurse and served at hospitals in Malta and in France, where she experienced firsthand the devastation of the trench warfare at the Western Front. She lost her fiancé, her brother and her innocence as well. Brittain’s account of how the war affected an entire generation is heartfelt and absorbing. An excellent movie was made from this memoir, but reading the book is a much more intense experience.

Doris Lessing’s unusual, moving novel-and-memoir, Alfred & Emily, is a re-imagining of the lives of her parents as if World War I never happened. In fact, their lives were irrevocably scarred by the war—her father lost a leg and coped with the restrictions of a primitive artificial prosthetic and the emotional scars of trench warfare. Her mother was a nurse in London’s famous Royal Free Hospital, tending to the wounded and shell-shocked soldiers, their cries of “oh, Nurse, the pain” permeating her dreams for the rest of her life. In the first, fictional part, Lessing obliterates the war from English history, and using what she knows of her parents’ families, friends, and early histories, imagines the paths their lives might have taken. In the second part, she tells the real story of their adult lives on a farm in Southern Rhodesia, allowing the reader to see the raw material that inspired her fictional portraits and the way World War I was never far from the surface of their lives. It’s a child’s “what-if” literary game played by one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century.  Sadly, for an entire generation and their children, the war’s effects were all too real.

Anne Perry’s mystery, No Graves as Yet, the first in a series, opens on the idyllic playing fields at Cambridge University, on June 28, 1914, the day that the Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Bosnia Herzegovina. Chaplain and faculty member Joseph Reavley is watching his students playing cricket when his brother Matthew arrives with the devastating news that their parents have been killed in a car accident. Matthew reveals that their father, a former Member of Parliament, was carrying documentary evidence of a conspiracy “to ruin England and everything that we stand for.” As the diplomatic tensions in Europe ripple out from Serbia to Germany and Russia, the two brothers race to uncover the conspiracy. In the ensuing weeks, a student is murdered and arguments about the likelihood of war divide students and faculty into opposing camps. Perry nicely balances Cambridge life, with its ageless, comfortable rituals and routines for the privileged classes against the threatened war and conspiracy that would turn that world upside down.

Vivian Gornick is one of my favorite nonfiction writers. She is the author of an iconic feminist memoir, Fierce Attachments, which I’ve read many times. Her books of essays on the writing life are wonderful. She’s so intense; her soul is on the page with you, for better or for worse. Romance of American Communism, published in 1977, was re-issued this year. Everything Gornick writes creates a literary tempest and this book is no exception, in 1977 and now. Gornick interviewed people who were members of the Communist Party in the 1930s, ’40s, and ’50s. Her goal was to find out how they became communists, what their experience of life in the movement was like, why they left, and how they view that part of their life now.

Years ago I read several books about the Communist Party in America, both fiction and nonfiction, most notably  Diana Trilling’s memoir The Beginning of the Journey, Philip Roth’s novel I Married a Communist, and The God That Failed. My constant question was why people were drawn to an authoritarian organization that was directed from Moscow and repeatedly betrayed the trust of its members. Diana Trilling’s memoir came close to giving me an answer, but I needed to know more, so when I saw the re-issue of Romance, I decided to read it, or at least start it. I couldn’t put it down. 

In 1977 the book was panned as “overwritten,” and Gornick herself, in a new introduction, says as much. There are too many nouns and adjectives and lots of intrusive descriptive material about the weatherworn but still striking faces of her interviewees. Her psychological analyses of people’s lives is also a bit much. You can ignore all of that or just appreciate that it’s Gornick’s passionate style. The voices of the former communists are the real thing, filled with the emotion of commitment to a movement and ideology that they believed would change the world for the better. They believed that change was just around the corner. Remember, this was the 1930s; something had to change and communism offered a complete worldview. It was a vision of equality.  Party members joined an all-encompassing battle; it gave their lives purpose. 

Over and over again, these former communists tell Gornick how they were searching for meaning in their lives. They regale her with stories about the sense of community and the sense of mission, the belief that capitalism was the source of inequality and oppression. Group experiences are very powerful; we know from our own experiences just how formative and memorable they can be. You commit wholeheartedly to something you believe in and everyone around you feels the same way. Suddenly you can’t understand other people who aren’t part of that worldview: they lack access to what you know is true. They’re lost and misguided. Your social life becomes limited to the people who believe as you do; the ideology becomes the focus of your life.

Members married other Party members, were assigned by the Party to work in factories as union organizers, and some went underground for years on Party orders. Dissent from any part of the Party program meant expulsion and isolation. The show trials in the late 1930s, the non-aggression pact between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in 1939, and the HUAC investigations in the early 1950s were all tests of loyalty. Some members dropped off at each of those points. For many, 1956, when Khrushchev revealed the extent of Stalin’s murderous crimes was the end, and the Party in the U.S. was fatally weakened.

Romance of American Communism is a look back at a time when people were searching for solutions to serious social ills. There’s no coincidence, I’m sure, that it was re-issued now. Communism is long discredited, but the intensity of feelings in the strident opinions and controversies that currently divide us is a reminder of those days when the Party held so many in thrall.

The characters in Andre Dubus’ novel, Gone So Long, can’t find their equilibrium. They can’t sit still, they can’t forgive themselves for what they’ve done or who they are; they can’t calm down. It’s not hard to understand why. In a moment of rage, Daniel Ahearn murdered his wife in the presence of their three-year old daughter, Susan. Although Susan can’t remember the incident, it upends her life: her father goes to prison and Susan is brought up by her grandmother in rural Florida, far away from her childhood home. She believes her parents were killed in a car crash. It isn’t until she’s a teenager that she learns the true story.

When the novel opens, it’s forty years after the murder and Daniel has been out of prison for twenty-five years. He’s living in a trailer supporting himself by re-caning chairs, a skill he learned in prison. His life is minimalist, claustrophobic, and he’s dying of cancer. Susan is forty-three, married, a writer with a college teaching job, but there’s no joy in her life. She suffers from depression and can’t reciprocate her kind husband’s love. Her grandmother still rages about the loss of her daughter.

Daniel wants to see Susan before he dies and locates her on the Internet. He packs up his truck and unbeknownst to Susan, heads down the coast to find her. The reader knows that his hopes of explaining his life to his daughter are delusional. Susan has ambivalent feelings about seeing her father but his crime occupies large portions of her waking mind and she begins to write about it, hoping for some clarity and peace. Her grandmother rages on; there’s no hope of forgiveness from her.

As Daniel heads down to Florida and Susan continues writing her memoir, Dubus builds up the tension by filling in the background to the story. The Kirkus reviewer wrote that “Dubus puts this pot on a very slow boil, continuing to fill in the backstory as he inches his characters toward their climactic meeting.” Just so. I had to stop reading periodically to slow it down even more. What would happen when they met? One of the characters has a gun and wants to use it. I remember years ago reading Dubus’s novel House of Sand and Fog and experiencing the same emotion, needing to take breaks from the sadness and fear.

Ahearn could be a hard character to like, but in Dubus’s hands, while he’s not exactly empathetic, we get that he’s flawed and vulnerable. In parallel to Susan’s memoir is the long letter Ahearn writes to her, hoping to win a place in her life. How is that going to work out? It’s Dubus’s character-driven, evocative writing, filled with bottled-up emotion that keeps us on the hook.

A few weeks ago I posted a review of The Sun and Her Stars, Donna Rifkind’s bio of the remarkable Salka Viertel. I turned next to Viertel’s own memoir, The Kindness of Strangers. While the narrative covers some of the same anecdotes and events of Viertel’s life, it was a pleasure to read her own words and excerpts from the letters between Viertel and her husband Berthold as well as the extended portion about her childhood and acting career in Germany and Austria. There’s more emotion in her own telling, and that was a treat.

Towards the end of the memoir, I was struck by Viertel’s comment, “…it occurs to me that as the years went by, my life ceased to be solely my own. It became like the estuary of a big river into which other streams flowed. I could not influence their course but I was affected by it.” Her husband, siblings, and children were scattered around the world; the  writers, artists, and actors she befriended were always coming and going; and her precarious financial state kept her on the move. Many of our lives are like that. We juggle friendships and love relationships from different times and places, appreciating the memories and connections we’ve made, watching as the trajectories of their lives spin towards us and away. As we get older, these connections take on more emotional weight, more poignancy. There’s sadness but also the richness of memories, and that’s what Viertel captures in her memoir.

The years between the end of the Civil War and the beginning of the next century were filled with outsize personalities and scandals–great stories for readers of social history. In A Dirty Year, Bill Greer focuses on the turbulent year 1872, when New Yorkers were riveted by “stories of love and murder, warring women and feminine financiers, smut dealers and moral crusaders, mommy mutilators and baby killers.”

The book opens with Jim Fisk, who, with his partner Jay Gould, had bilked investors of millions and taken the Erie Railroad out from under Commodore Vanderbilt’s nose. But the scandal in the tabloids in 1872 concerned the very public love triangle of Fisk, the prostitute Josie Mansfield, and Ned Stokes. Fisk was a notorious player in New York’s business and social life. New Yorkers flocked to the opulent musicals he staged at the Grand Opera House on Eighth Avenue that included something called the “Demon Can-Can.”

A Dirty Year follows the story of Fisk, Stokes, and Mansfield, during the course of that year, but that story is joined by two others that filled the newspapers and titillated readers. Anthony Comstock, for one, roamed New York, seizing literature he deemed “smut,” and bringing printers to trial. His crusade extended to abortionists and the deaths that resulted from their techniques. The trials made front-page news.

The third story, and maybe the one most filled with outsize characters, is the tale of Victoria Woodhull and her sister Tennessee “Tennie” Claflin, two women who broke all the boundaries of ladylike behavior. The two sisters started a successful brokerage firm on Wall Street, published a newspaper which became a mouthpiece for their progressive views, and revealed the adulterous relationship of the Reverend Henry Ward Beecher, beloved preacher of Brooklyn Heights. The glamorous sisters, especially Woodhull, were fiery, persuasive speakers who knew how to get what they wanted from men. Advocates of free love, Woodhull claimed the “natural right to love whom I may, to love as long or as short a period as I can; to change that love every day if I please, and with that right neither you nor any law you can frame have any right to interfere.” She joined the suffragist movement and for a while was hailed as a champion, but her extreme views did not accord well with the more gradualist views of Susan B. Anthony and others. She ran for president of the U.S. at a time when women couldn’t even vote and surprised Frederick B. Douglas with the news that he’d be her vice president. The sisters always made good copy.

As Greer writes, “the paths of Fisk and Woodhull and Claflin and Beecher and Comstock… would cross and recross in a tangle not even God could unravel.”  For lovers of social history, this is a good book to read to remind us, in our own time of outsize personalities and scandalous behavior, that we’ve been here before.

Last week was very exciting for me: I attended the (virtual) Association of Jewish Libraries conference, which had been scheduled to take place in Evanston, IL before everything was upended. I’ve been a member of AJL for many years; it’s a great group of (mainly) librarians in the Judaica field. The conference was a very successful virtual event.

This past year I chaired AJL’s Jewish Fiction Award committee so I also moderated the program we had at the conference, “Fresh Lit: Recent and Forthcoming Adult Jewish Fiction.” Our two award-winning authors were at the program: Goldie Goldbloom author of On Division; and Julie Orringer, author of The Flight Portfolio. I interviewed them both at the beginning of the program.

I wrote about The Flight Portfolio in this post a few months ago and was eager to talk to Julie about the book. The novel is based on the true story about how Varian Fry rescued Jewish intellectuals, artists, and writers from Nazi Germany in 1941. The story is rich in character, plot, and writing; the characters beautifully developed. At the end of the interview, I asked Julie if she had read the biography The Sun and Her Stars: Salka Viertel and Hitler’s Exiles in the Golden Age of Hollywood by Donna Rifkind. I asked because some of the people that Fry rescued are part of that story, most notable Heinrich Mann, older brother of Thomas. Julie already had it on her to-read list.

I’m always interested in stories about exile; how people manage in changed circumstances and The Sun and Her Stars has a full range of experiences. Some of the emigres were cranky and sneering, full of derision for American culture, especially Hollywood culture, even if jobs at the studios kept them solvent. Viertel herself wanted to continue her acting career in Hollywood and was disappointed when that didn’t happen.

Despite her own losses, Viertel was a survivor and didn’t spend time regretting what might have been. It wasn’t just her own survival that she was interested in, but others’ as well. She and Greta Garbo became close friends and Viertel worked on the screenplays for some of Garbo’s most successful films. Viertel’s house on Mabery Road in Santa Monica became a center of culture, a salon, feeding the stomachs and minds of the emigrés and many Hollywood actors and cultural icons: Charlie Chaplin, Christopher Isherwood, Thomas Mann, Sergei Eisenstein. The weekend parties at the Mabery Road house were legendary for the guests, the networking, and especially  Salka’s warmth and hospitality.  

In the 1930s and 1940s, she worked tirelessly against National Socialism and arranged emergency visas for artists and writers trapped in Europe. Her family life was complicated: she and her husband Berthold had three sons, but Berthold was often in Europe living his own life while Salka had her own romantic liaisons in Santa Monica. She was a sophisticated woman with a classical European education who spoke eight languages; despite that, she ran a rather bohemian household, with a rotating cast of lost souls

Unfortunately, Viertel was caught up in the McCarthy Era witch hunts, along with other Hollywood notables and blacklisted, a slap in the face to someone who nurtured so much talent and contributed in no small way to the Golden Age of Hollywood. In another irony, her own memoir of those times is titled The Kindness of Strangers. Indeed, the kindness was all Salka’s. I just put a reserve on the memoir; I’d like to hear her own version of the story.

It’s likely that you’re thinking about medical issues more than you usually do–it’s hard not to. I think about friends and family who have what’s euphemistically called “underlying conditions” and the risks they face if they catch the coronavirus. I just heard the other day that certain blood types make you more susceptible to a serious case of the virus. Sigh. Sometimes it’s hard to stop your brain from wildly proliferating about the risks of going back to some sort of normal life. I was cheered to learn that this is the Year of the Nurse named in honor of the birth of Florence Nightingale, two hundred years ago. Nightingale professionalized the occupation of nursing and introduced many of the methods and ideas that we take for granted in hospital care today.

Earlier this month, there was an article in LitHub about Nightingale by Dr. Danielle Ofri, who writes about the doctor-patient interaction. I read her excellent book What Doctors Feel: How Emotions Affect the Practice of Medicinewhen it came out in 2013. The LitHub article is adapted from her recent book When We Do Harm: A Doctor Confronts Medical Error. In the LitHub article, Ofri recounts how prescient Nightingale was in understanding that the way we treat patients can be beneficial or harmful.

Nightingale believed that cleanliness was paramount in treating patients. She was an advocate for “Hygiene” with a capital H much to the dismay of the medical profession. From the LitHub article: “Nightingale set rigorous standards for hygiene, wound care, food preparation, medical supplies, and patient triage. Over the course of the year 1855, the mortality rate in the hospital dropped sharply, from thirty-three to two percent.” In this Tempus Covidae we’re thinking about the same things that Florence Nightingale thought about. We disinfect everything we touch, people are wearing sterile gloves in the grocery store, we do our best to limit our contact with contagion, etc. While we’ve made so many advances in medicine, we’re still at the mercy of viruses.

It’s worth thinking about Florence Nightingale, the stickler for “Hygiene” at this particular time. I haven’t read a biography so I can’t recommend one, but her own volume, Notes on Nursing: What it is and What it is Not (1859) might be an interesting book to read.

I’m finding it hard this week to write cheery posts recommending books. It’s hard not to be distracted with anxiety and fear. This blog is not political and especially now I don’t want to venture into that fraught territory. Many of my friends are telling me that they are finding it difficult to focus long enough to read a novel. (I noticed today that the New York Times Book Review didn’t review any fiction.) It may be easier to listen to books or podcasts, so I’m recommending Paul Holdengraber’s podcasts, below. 

I’m a big fan of Holdengraber, a stellar interviewer. Holdengraber is able to pierce to the heart of issues and he encourages his interviewees to do the same. For fourteen years he directed “Live from the NYPL” and each interview I attended was stunning and memorable. In particular, his interviews with Edmund de Waal and Jhumpa Lahiri were transcendent. I was very sorry when he left New York for LA, but he has continued his extraordinary interviews in podcast form so I’m happy.

Lately, he’s hosting a series called The Quarantine Tapes, a weekday podcast where he calls someone for a half-hour discussion about how they are managing in quarantine. Among the people he calls are poets, architects, novelists, actors; a diverse group of thoughtful people. I just listened to the podcast with the poet Aja Monet, who spoke about the value of poetry and art in these times, but also the importance of standing up for our beliefs. Monet and Holdengraber talked about the lines from William Carlos Williams’ poem “Asphodel, That Greeny Flower,” “It is difficult / to get the news from poems / yet men die miserably every day / for lack / of what is found there.” A quote that bears reading at least twice. Monet also mentioned a quote from JFK: “When power corrupts, poetry cleanses.” Good food for thought.

In another interview, Dr. Jason Hill, an Emergency Dept. doctor in New York, talked to Holdengraber about his experiences with patients dying of the coronavirus without family and how painful that was for patients and staff. Hill wrote a Buzzfeed article about his experiences in the Emergency Dept. in late March and April. It’s worth reading. One of my meditation teachers just sent out an email about her mother’s recent death where she wrote: “Bearing witness to the process of death and dying holds a power that no words can describe.” She was lucky enough to be at her mother’s bedside.

On the home page of The Quarantine Tapes, there’s a description of the program that starts with a quote from Blaise Pascal, the mathematician and philosopher: “All of humanity’s problems stem from man’s inability to sit quietly in a room alone.” I’m not sure I agree completely, but it’s certainly a good discussion starter in these times.